Inventions:
- Printing Press, Johannes Gutenberg, 1440
- Vaccination, Edward Jenner, 1796
- Steam Engine, James Watt, 1765
- Electric Motor, Michael Faraday, 1821
- Computer, Charles Babbage (conceptual), 1822, modern computers (Alan Turing, 1930s-40s)
- Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, 1876
- Light Bulb, Thomas Edison, 1879
- Automobile, Karl Benz, 1885
- Radio, Guglielmo Marconi, 1895
- Airplane, Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1903
- Television, John Logie Baird, 1927
- Antibiotics (Penicillin), Alexander Fleming, 1928
- Nuclear Power, Enrico Fermi (first reactor), 1942
- Transistor, John Bardeen, William Shockley, Walter Brattain, 1947
- Internet, Tim Berners-Lee, 1989
- World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, 1989
Discoveries:
- Fire, Prehistoric humans, Over a million years ago
- Heliocentric Theory, Nicolaus Copernicus, 1543
- Circulation of Blood, William Harvey, 1628
- Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation, Sir Isaac Newton, 1687
- Oxygen, Joseph Priestley, 1774
- Vaccination, Edward Jenner, 1796
- The Atom, John Dalton (Modern Atomic Theory), 1803
- Electricity, Benjamin Franklin, Michael Faraday, Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla (various contributions), 18th to 19th century
- Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, Charles Darwin, 1859
- Germ Theory of Disease, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, 1860s
- Periodic Table, Dmitri Mendeleev, 1869
- X-rays, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, 1895
- The Electron, J.J. Thomson, 1897
- Radioactivity, Marie and Pierre Curie, 1898
- Theory of General Relativity, Albert Einstein, 1915
- Insulin, Sir Frederick Banting, Charles Best, 1921
- Big Bang Theory, Georges Lemaître, 1927
- Penicillin, Alexander Fleming, 1928
- Antibiotics beyond Penicillin (e.g., Streptomycin), Selman Waksman, 1943
- DNA Double Helix Structure, James Watson, Francis Crick, 1953
- The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, 1964
- CRISPR Gene Editing, Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, 2012
- Higgs Boson Particle, CERN (confirmed), 2012